Computing-Aware Traffic Steering Working Group J. Jeong, Ed. Internet-Draft Sungkyunkwan University Intended status: Informational 8 July 2024 Expires: 9 January 2025 Use Cases for Computing-Aware Intelligent Transportation Systems draft-jeong-cats-its-use-cases-00 Abstract This document proposes use cases for Computing-Aware Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Computing-Aware Traffic Steering (CATS) provides the steering of packets of a traffic flow for a specific service request toward the corresponging service instance at an edge computing server at a service site. The use cases for Computing-Aware ITS include Context-Aware Navigation for Terrestrial Vehicles and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UVA) and Edge-Assisted Cluster-Based MAC Protocol for Software-Defined Vehicles. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on 9 January 2025. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. Jeong Expires 9 January 2025 [Page 1] Internet-Draft Computing-Aware ITS Use Cases July 2024 This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/ license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3. Use Cases for Computing-Aware Intelligent Transportation Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3.1. Vehicular Network Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3.2. Context-Aware Navigation Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.3. Edge-Assisted Cluster-Based MAC Protocol . . . . . . . . 6 4. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Appendix A. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Appendix B. Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1. Introduction Nowadays, various networked services are provided by leveraging edge computing infrastructure. Either a closest or a lightest edge computing server (simply called an edge server) can be selected to serve a request service. In this trend, Computing-Aware Traffic Steering (CATS) is standardized to provide the steering of packets of a traffic flow for a specific service request toward the corresponging service instance at an edge server at a service site. This document proposes two use cases for Computing-Aware Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). They are (i) Context-Aware Navigation Protocol for Terrestrial Vehicles and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UVA) [CNP-Vehicle] [CNP-UAV] and (ii) Edge-Assisted Cluster-Based MAC Protocol for Software-Defined Vehicles (SDV) [ECMAC]. 2. Terminology This document uses the terminology described in [RFC9315] [I-D.ietf-cats-usecases-requirements], and [I-D.ietf-cats-framework]. In addition, the following terms are defined below: Jeong Expires 9 January 2025 [Page 2] Internet-Draft Computing-Aware ITS Use Cases July 2024 * Context-Aware Navigation Protocol (CNP): It is a protocol that enables either terrestrial vehicles (i.e., ground vehicles) or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) to move in road networks or fly in the sky to maneuver safely without collisions, respectively [CNP-Vehicle][CNP-UAV]. * Edge-Assisted Cluster-Based MAC Protocol (ECMAC): It is a protocol that enables Software-Defined Vehicles (SDV) to communicate with each other using Software-Defined Vehicular Networks with edge computing servers [ECMAC]. 3. Use Cases for Computing-Aware Intelligent Transportation Systems This section explains a vehicular network architecture for vehicles and three use cases for for Computing-Aware ITS. 3.1. Vehicular Network Architecture Software-Defined Vehicles (SDV) include terrestrial vehicles and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). The standardization and implementation of SDVs are performed by AUTOSAR [AUTOSAR], Eclipes SDV [Eclipse-SDV], and COVESA [COVESA]. These SDVs need to communicate with each other to avoid collisions or accidents. Figure 1 shows a Vehicular Network Architecture for Software-Defined Vehicles (SDV) such as terrestrial vehicles and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). Jeong Expires 9 January 2025 [Page 3] Internet-Draft Computing-Aware ITS Use Cases July 2024 Vehicular Cloud ******************************************* * * * +------------------+ * * | Cloud Controller | * * +------------------+ * * ^ * * | * * v * ******************************************* ^ +------------+ ^ +------------+ ^ +------------+ | |Edge-Server1| | |Edge-Server2| | |Edge-Server3| | +------------+ | +------------+ | +------------+ | ^ | ^ | ^ | | | | | | v V v V v V +---------+ +---------+ +---------+ | IP-RSU1 |<------->| IP-RSU2 |<------>| IP-RSU3 | +---------+ +---------+ +---------+ ^ ^ ^ : : : +-----------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+ | : V2I | | : V2I | | : V2I | | v | | v | | v | +--------+ | +--------+ | | +--------+ | | +--------+ | | SDV1 |===> | SDV2 |===>| | | SDV3 |===>| | | SDV4 |===>| +--------+<...>+--------+<........>+--------+ | | +--------+ | V2V ^ V2V ^ | | ^ | | : V2V | | : V2V | | : V2V | | v | | v | | v | | +--------+ | | +--------+ | | +--------+ | | | SDV5 |===> | | | SDV6 |===>| | | SDV7 |==>| | +--------+ | | +--------+ | | +--------+ | +-----------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+ Subnet1 Subnet2 Subnet3 (Prefix1) (Prefix2) (Prefix3) <----> Wired Link <....> Wireless Link ===> Moving Direction Figure 1: A Vehicular Network Architecture for Software-Defined Vehicles Jeong Expires 9 January 2025 [Page 4] Internet-Draft Computing-Aware ITS Use Cases July 2024 3.2. Context-Aware Navigation Protocol Context-Aware Navigation Protocol is developed to provide the safe navigation (e.g., maneuver on the ground or in the sky) with Software-Defined Vehicles (SDV) such as electrical vehicles, autonomous vehicles, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), and urban Air Mobility (UAM) [CNP-Vehicle] [CNP-UAV]. A connected network of such SDVs (e.g., autonomous vehicles and drones) on road networks can facilitate the safe driving on the ground or the safe flying in the sky. while driving on the roadways or skyways, many dangerous situations for SDVs may occur by the speed, orientation, and traffic density of the SDVs involved. Thus, there is a necessity for an automatic maneuvering mechanism for SDVs that handles both the current driving SDV and the oncoming SDVs heading toward an emergency spot (e.g., road hazard and road accident place). CNP is a realization of such an automatic maneuvering mechanism that SDVs collaborate with each other with the help of edge computing infrastructure through wireless communications such as 5G Vehicle-to- Everything Communication (i.e., 5G V2X). SDVs observe their road environments and other SDVs' behaviors with their on-board sensors like cameras and LiDAR. SDVs share these sensing data with an edge server in the edge computing infrastructure. The sensing data of SDVs need to be forwarded to an appropriate edge server in terms of network status and computing resource status. Such an edge server needs to be selected in order to provide SDVs with timely guidance for safe driving. The edge server conducts a maneuver control with the mobility information of SDVs and road environments, interacting with the SDVs and road infrastructure entities (e.g., traffic lights and raod ramps) in real time. CNP also provides a collision mitigation scheme with the SDVs so that the SDVs may experience minimum collision damages in hazardous roadways (or skyways) during non-maneuverable scenarios. CNP uses cluster formation where a cluster head is selected among adjacent SDVs to give guidance to its cluster members for safe maneuvering. The selection of such a cluster head is performed by the edge server that has the mobility information (e.g., speed, current position, and direction) of the SDVs. Jeong Expires 9 January 2025 [Page 5] Internet-Draft Computing-Aware ITS Use Cases July 2024 For SDVs, CNP based on IPv6 Neighbor Discovery is proposed in [CNP-Vehicle]. It can work on top of either Dedidated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) like Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) or 5G V2X. Refer to [CNP-Vehicle] and [CNP-UAV] for the detailed mechanism of CNP for SDVs moving in either roadways or flying in skyways. 3.3. Edge-Assisted Cluster-Based MAC Protocol Edge-Assisted Cluster-Based MAC Protocol (ECMAC) is a protocol to facilitate the real-time communications among SDVs for safe maneuvering (e.g., driving or flying). ECMAC works on the SDVs with the help of an edge server in Software-Defined Vehicular Networks (SDVN). The edge server collects the mobility information from the SDVs in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) or Flying Ad Hoc Networks (FANET). The SDVs are formed in clusters that have a cluster head and the corresponging cluster members by the edge server in the SDVN. The edge server allocates a wireless channel and time slot scheduling to each cluster. Cluster members in each cluster report their mobility information (e.g., speed, current position, and direction) to its cluster head according to the time slot scheduling for a given wireless channel. The cluster head reports the aggregated mobility information to the edge server. An appropriate edge server needs to be dynamically selected and relaced according to the navigation path of the SDVs. This selection of an edge server should be performed by considering the network status and computing resource status between the edge server and SDVs. Refer to [ECMAC] for the detailed mechanism of ECMAC for SDVs moving in roadways. 4. IANA Considerations This document does not require any IANA actions. 5. Security Considerations The same security considerations for Computing-Aware Traffic Steering (CATS) are applicable to the use cases for the Computing-Aware ITS [I-D.ietf-cats-usecases-requirements] [I-D.ietf-cats-framework]. 6. References 6.1. Normative References Jeong Expires 9 January 2025 [Page 6] Internet-Draft Computing-Aware ITS Use Cases July 2024 [RFC9315] Clemm, A., Ciavaglia, L., Granville, L. Z., and J. Tantsura, "Intent-Based Networking - Concepts and Definitions", RFC 9315, DOI 10.17487/RFC9315, October 2022, . 6.2. Informative References [I-D.ietf-cats-usecases-requirements] Yao, K., Trossen, D., Contreras, L. M., Shi, H., Li, Y., Zhang, S., and Q. An, "Computing-Aware Traffic Steering (CATS) Problem Statement, Use Cases, and Requirements", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-cats- usecases-requirements-03, 3 July 2024, . [I-D.ietf-cats-framework] Li, C., Du, Z., Boucadair, M., Contreras, L. M., and J. Drake, "A Framework for Computing-Aware Traffic Steering (CATS)", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf- cats-framework-02, 30 April 2024, . [AUTOSAR] "AUTOSAR Adaptive Platform", Available: https://www.autosar.org/standards/adaptive-platform, March 2024. [Eclipse-SDV] "Eclipse Software Defined Vehicle Working Group Charter", Available: https://www.eclipse.org/org/workinggroups/sdv- charter.php, March 2024. [COVESA] "Connected Vehicle Systems Alliance", Available: https://covesa.global/, March 2024. [CNP-Vehicle] Mugabarigira, B., Shen, Y., Jeong, J., Oh, T., and H. Jeong, "Context-Aware Navigation Protocol for Safe Driving in Vehicular Cyber-Physical Systems", IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9921182, January 2023. Jeong Expires 9 January 2025 [Page 7] Internet-Draft Computing-Aware ITS Use Cases July 2024 [CNP-UAV] Mugabarigira, B. and J. Jeong, "Context-Aware Navigation Protocol for Safe Flying of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles", KICS Winter Conference, Available: http://iotlab.skku.edu/publications/international- journal/CNP-TITS-2023.pdf, January 2024. [ECMAC] Shen, Y., Jeong, J., Jun, J., Oh, T., and Y. Baek, "ECMAC: Edge-Assisted Cluster-Based MAC Protocol in Software- Defined Vehicular Networks", IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10505005, April 2024. Appendix A. Acknowledgments This work was supported by Institute of Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation (IITP) grant funded by the Korea Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) (No. RS-2024-00398199). This work was supported in part by Institute of Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation (IITP) grant funded by the Korea Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) (No. 2022-0-01015, Development of Candidate Element Technology for Intelligent 6G Mobile Core Network). This work was supported in part by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government, Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) (No. 2023R1A2C2002990). Appendix B. Contributors This document is made by the group effort of CATS WG, greatly benefiting from inputs and texts by Peng Liu (China Mobile), Yong- Geun Hong (Daejeon University), and Joo-Sang Youn (Dong-Eui University). The authors sincerely appreciate their contributions. The following are coauthors of this document: Bien Aime Mugabarigira Department of Electrial & Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University 2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu Suwon Gyeonggi-Do 16419 Republic of Korea Phone: +82 31 299 4106 Email: bienaime@skku.edu Jeong Expires 9 January 2025 [Page 8] Internet-Draft Computing-Aware ITS Use Cases July 2024 URI: http://iotlab.skku.edu/people-Bien-Aime.php Yiwen Shen Department of Computer Science & Engineering Sungkyunkwan University 2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu Suwon Gyeonggi-Do 16419 Republic of Korea Phone: +82 31 299 4106 Email: chrisshen@skku.edu URI: http://iotlab.skku.edu/people-chris-shen.php Author's Address Jaehoon Paul Jeong (editor) Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sungkyunkwan University 2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu Suwon Gyeonggi-Do 16419 Republic of Korea Phone: +82 31 299 4957 Email: pauljeong@skku.edu URI: http://iotlab.skku.edu/people-jaehoon-jeong.php Jeong Expires 9 January 2025 [Page 9]