Italian state railways FS Trenitalia operates in Germany using several different names. Trenitalia bought the German parts of Arriva at the time when DB took over Arriva from its previous British owners. That part is now called Länderbahn. But the old names Vogtlandbahn and Arriva Länderbahn express alex (now Allgäu Länderbahn express alex) are also often seen.

After German reunification the city of Zwickau in the east wanted a tram-train system for local traffic so that the trains could run along tram lines in the city center but use existing normal gauge, unelectrified train lines in rural areas. These RegioSprinter trains were built for the purpose. In the city center of Zwickau the tram lines have three rails so that these normal gauge RegioSprinters can run on them as well as the normal metre gauge trams. They have just one axle in the front and at the back and in the middle there is a motorised unit with a diesel engine. They are fitted with all necessary tram equipment so that they can run on normal streets under the laws governing tram traffic. These trains were built by Siemens/Dûwag, but they were never a commercial success. Since 2019 most have already been sold to Czech Republic, where they are used as regular railbuses.
Picture from Zwickau 1.8.2019 by Hannu Jälkö.

Detail picture of the front of a RegioSprinter. Note that there is just one axle at the front of the train.
Picture from Zwickau 1.8.2019 by Hannu Jälkö.

Prignitzer Eisenbahn was originally a private rail operator in the northeastern part of Germany with its headquarters in Berlin. But the company was first bought by Arriva, which still by that time was a British company. As then German state DB proceeded to buy Arriva, DB was forced to sell that part of Arriva which operated inside Germany. The authorities thought that otherwise DB would get too big a monopoly position in the country. So what by then was Arriva in Germany, became the property of Italian state railways Trenitalia under the name Netinera.
From 2002 to 2010 Prignitzer Eisenbahn operated in addtion to its services in the eastern part of Germany also two local passenger train lines in the west of the country, Oberhausen-Duisburg and Oberhausen-Dorsten, but later lost them again in another public tendering of the services in 2010. This picture of a Bombardier Talent diesel railbus in Prignitzer Eisenbahn's colours and with Arriva's logos is from that time.
Picture from close to Oberhausen 7.7.2010 by Ilkka Siissalo.

Another one of Prignitzer Eisenbahn's Talent trains is just coming onto a bridge crossing the river Ruhr very close to the city of Oberhausen.
Picture from close to Oberhausen 7.7.2010 by Ilkka Siissalo.

Yet another one of Prignitzer Eisenbahn's Talent trains stopping at the small stop Duisburg-Meiderich Ost on its way to Duisburg main station.
Picture 7.7.2010 by Ilkka Siissalo.

The same Prignitzer Eisenbahn's Talent train as above, but seen closer by.
Picture at Duisburg-Meiderich Ost 7.7.2010 by Ilkka Siissalo.

Still a closeup of the same Prignitzer Eisenbahn's Talent train as above, but without passengers to block the view.
Picture at Duisburg-Meiderich Ost 7.7.2010 by Ilkka Siissalo.

TX Logistik is a daughter company of Mercitalia Logistics. Mercitalia in turn is the former cargo traffic part of FS Trenitalia. Here we see a Bombardier TRAXX locomotive Br185 of TX Logistik parked at Weil am Rhein station near the Swiss border. It has apparently brought some cargo train from Germany to the border, but since it has no permission to operate in Switzerland, some other locomotive has now taken over its train.
Picture from Weil am Rhein 11.7.2010 by Ilkka Siissalo.

Same locomotive as above, but now seen more from its side.
Picture from Weil am Rhein 11.7.2010 by Ilkka Siissalo.

vlexx is a subsidiary of Netinera which in turn is the subsidiary of FS Trenitalia, Italian national train company. vlexx operates diesel railbus trains in Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland and Hessen, with even one seldomly operated line to Wissembourg in French Alsace.
This train is a diesel multiple unit of the type Alstom LINT 81.
Picture from Frankfurt am Main 9.3.2017 by Ilkka Siissalo.